A “Rite” is defined as a formal and/or religious ceremony which involves specific words and actions.   The term “Last Rites” then refers to several different ceremonies – or sacraments – that are administered towards the end of a person’s life.   The three sacraments that are given during Last Rites are Confession, the Eucharist (as Viaticum), and Anointing of the Sick, in that order.

Viaticum comes from two Latin words – Via meaning “road” or “path” or “journey”, and tecum meaning “with you” – put together, Viaticum means “with you on your journey.”  Jesus promised us that “Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him on the last day” (John 6:54).  The Eucharist is our connection between this life on Earth and our eternal life, and through the Body and Blood of Christ, we pass over from this world (death) to the Father (eternal life).

In some cases, a dying person may also be given the sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation prior to the Last Rites, if they had not previously received these sacraments but wish to do so now.  Often a priest will also offer an apostolic pardon for the dying: “Through the holy mysteries of our redemption, may almighty God release you from all punishments in this life and in the life to come. May he open to you the gates of paradise and welcome you to everlasting joy.”

So just as the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist are considered the sacraments of Christian initiation, so too we can say that the sacraments of Penance, the Eucharist (as Viaticum), and Anointing of the Sick constitute the sacraments for the end of our earthly pilgrimage and the initiation for our heavenly life.

Remember that while it is one of the sacraments used in the Last Rites, Anointing of the Sick is NOT only for those who are dying.  You may receive this Sacrament at any time during your life when you are facing a serious illness or medical procedure and need the grace and healing of this sacrament.